Fetal echocardiography is a specialized ultrasound technique used to examine the heart of a developing fetus in the womb. This diagnostic procedure is essential for identifying congenital heart defects and assessing the heart’s structure and function before birth. Here’s an overview of key aspects of fetal echocardiography:
Purpose
Detect Congenital Heart Defects: Fetal echocardiography is primarily conducted to detect any structural heart abnormalities in the fetus, such as atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, or more complex conditions like tetralogy of Fallot.
Assess Cardiac Function: It evaluates how well the fetal heart is functioning, including its rhythm and blood flow patterns.
Monitor Heart Development: It helps in assessing the development of the heart over time, especially if there are known risks or family histories of heart defects.
When Is It Performed?
Fetal echocardiography is typically performed between the 18th and 24th weeks of pregnancy. It may be recommended if:
The mother has diabetes or lupus.
There is a family history of congenital heart disease.
Abnormal findings were noted in a routine ultrasound.
The mother is taking certain medications that could affect fetal development.
Procedure
Preparation: The mother may be asked to drink water before the procedure to help improve image quality.
Ultrasound Technique: A technician or doctor applies gel to the mother’s abdomen and uses a transducer to emit sound waves. These waves create images of the fetal heart on a monitor.
Doppler Imaging: This technique may be used to assess blood flow through the heart and vessels, providing additional information about cardiac function.
Benefits
Early Detection: Identifying heart defects early allows for better management and planning for potential interventions at or after birth.
Guidance for Delivery: Knowledge of the fetal heart condition can help in making decisions about delivery locations and timing, and preparing the healthcare team for immediate care needs.
Counseling: It provides parents with information and options regarding potential outcomes and treatment plans.