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Home > USG Guided Interventions

Obstetric Ultrasounds

Obstetric ultrasounds are crucial diagnostic tools used throughout pregnancy to monitor the health, development, and well-being of both the mother and the fetus. Each type of ultrasound scan serves a unique purpose, tailored to different stages and medical needs of pregnancy.

1. 1st Trimester Screening and NT/NB Scan

  • Purpose: The first trimester screening, often combined with the Nuchal Translucency (NT) and Nasal Bone (NB) scans, is performed between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy.
  • What it Checks: This screening assesses the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, by measuring the fluid at the back of the baby’s neck (NT) and the presence or absence of the nasal bone (NB). It may be combined with a blood test to provide more accurate risk assessment.

2. Level I Scan

  • Purpose: The Level I ultrasound is typically the first detailed scan after the initial confirmation of pregnancy.
  • What it Checks: Conducted between 10 and 14 weeks, this scan checks for the presence of multiple pregnancies, measures fetal size, confirms gestational age, and looks for early structural anomalies. It is also helpful in detecting any abnormalities in the uterus and ovaries that may impact the pregnancy.

3. Anomaly Scan (TIFFA/Level II Scan)

  • Purpose: Also known as the Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies (TIFFA) or Level II scan, this detailed scan is typically performed between 18 and 22 weeks.
  • What it Checks: This comprehensive examination assesses the fetal anatomy, looking for structural abnormalities in organs, limbs, and major systems (such as the heart, brain, spine, and kidneys). This scan plays a critical role in identifying congenital issues and allows for early planning if any interventions may be required post-birth.

4. Biophysical Profile (BPP or BPS)

  • Purpose: The Biophysical Profile (BPP) is an assessment of fetal well-being and is generally conducted in the third trimester, especially if there are concerns about fetal health.
  • What it Checks: This test combines an ultrasound with a non-stress test (NST) and evaluates five parameters: fetal heart rate, fetal movement, fetal breathing, fetal muscle tone, and amniotic fluid volume. Each parameter receives a score, indicating the overall health of the fetus.

5. Obstetric Doppler/Fetal Doppler

  • Purpose: Doppler ultrasound assesses blood flow in various fetal and maternal vessels.
  • What it Checks: Used to monitor placental health and fetal blood supply, this scan is essential when there are concerns about intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or other complications. It is particularly valuable in high-risk pregnancies to detect potential issues in blood flow between the placenta and fetus.

6. Pre-Eclampsia Screening

  • Purpose: This screening assesses the risk of pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to other organ systems.
  • What it Checks: Performed in the first and second trimesters, this screening combines blood pressure measurements, blood tests, and Doppler ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in the uterine arteries. Early identification of pre-eclampsia risk allows for preventive interventions.

7. Fetal Echocardiography (Fetal Echo)

  • Purpose: Fetal echocardiography is a detailed ultrasound specifically focused on assessing the fetal heart.
  • What it Checks: Typically done between 18 and 24 weeks, fetal echo examines the structure, rhythm, and function of the fetal heart, identifying any congenital heart defects early. This is especially recommended if there is a family history of heart defects or if any abnormalities were detected in the anomaly scan.

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